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PCOD/PCOS Polycystic Ovarian Diseases:

PCOD

Introduction:

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)/ polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting the females in their fertility age. These days it is quite a common Disorder affecting 7-22 % of female population in different demographic areas. The reproductive system of female is under the control of different highs and lows of hormones secreted by anterior pituitary, ovaries, adipose tissue, pancreas etc.

Primarily 5 hormones play a role in majority, these are Oestrogen, Gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, progesterone and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Any overproduction or underproduction of these hormones leads to imbalance in the blood and may lead to PCOD.

This hormonal imbalance may lead to many other problems like hyperandrogenism i.e. overproduction of male hormones in the female body which causes Lumbago, Obesity, insulin resistance, Polycystic Ovaries and Irregular periods or absent menstrual period, Anovulation. All these symptoms are indicative of infertility in the females.

Causes:

There is not much consensus among the medical community for the causative factors involved in the PCOD/PCOS. The aetiology is unknown though there are many factors involved in the precipitation of the disease. Among them a few are listed here.

  • Diet and nutrition play an important part in the PCOD. Imbalanced diets and non-nutritive diet lead to nutrient deficiencies in the female body which may be one of the factors for hormonal imbalance.
  • Sedentary lifestyle is also one of the factors to be blamed. Repeated researches have proved it beyond doubt that the females who remain physically active and follow an exercise schedule are less prone to hormonal disturbances and consequently lesser chances of PCOD.
  • Obesity is also one the main factors to be blamed for PCOD. Insulin resistance among the obese persons may lead ovaries to produce more androgens and these androgenic hormones are not metabolized properly leading to imbalance.
  • Hyperinsulinemia (Insulin overproduction) due to resistance of insulin in the cells may cause the hyperglycaemia and thus more insulin is produced by the pancreas. This insulin interferes with ovaries and other body systems disturbing the fine balance needed to foetus implantation.
  • Low grade inflammation in the body is also one of the factors responsible for overproduction of androgens in the female body.
  • Anxiety and depression are also responsible for the hormonal imbalance and is also to be blamed for High blood pressure and sleep disturbances.
  • Genetics and heredity also play a role in the PCOD. There a few genes identified responsible for causing the disease.

Symptoms of the PCOD:

  • Facial and Body Hair
  • Irregular menstruation
  • Obesity
  • Chronic Fatigue
  • Infertility
  • Chronic pain abdomen
  • Lumber pain
  • Hair Fall and Hair Thinning
  • Acne and Pimples
  • Mood swings
  • Skin tags
  • Depression
  • Sleep Disturbances
  • High Blood Pressure
  • High cholesterol

Signs of PCOD: -

  • Tenderness in abdomen especially lower abdomen
  • Polycystic ovaries
  • Increased levels of Insulin
  • High Blood Pressure
  • Skin Tags
  • Facial Hair and Lumbago
  • Male pattern Baldness
  • Overweight or obesity
  • Slow metabolic rate

Complications of PCOD:

PCOD may lead to

  • Infertility
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Endometrial Cancer
  • Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
  • High Blood Pressure
  • Obesity

Diagnosis of PCOD

  • Physical examination by the health care provider is first and prime most requirement for establishing the diagnosis of PCOD.
  • Pelvic examination to assess the reproductive organs for masses, growths and other abnormalities.
  • Getting the proper medical history goes a long way in diagnosing the PCOD.
  • Presence of any two of the following symptoms is indicative of PCOD
  • Irregular Period
  • High Androgens levels
  • Polycystic Ovaries
  • High levels of androgens signs which are Hirsutism, acne and thinning of Hair.

Investigations:

  • Blood tests to ascertain the levels of androgen, Testosterone. Checking insulin levels for hyperinsulinemia. FSH, PRL and Luteinizing hormone levels.
  • Glucose tolerance test, S. Cholesterol levels and Triglyceride levels
  • Whole abdomen ultrasound
  • Transvaginal ultrasound

Treatment:

Repeated studies have established the fact that Diet and Nutrition and Physical activity is one of the main factors involved in the PCOD. If proper attention is given to the background, history of Diet, Physical activity and lifestyle the problem would have been easier to deal with and may rule out the need for medication itself in many cases.

Encouraging the nurturing of hobby classes like dance, yoga and promoting socialising.

Herbal Treatments

Many herbs are used by ayurvedic Physicians to treat PCOD some of the commonly used herbs with promising results are

Given the changes in the lifestyle and proper medication the PCOD can be manged easily in a hassle free and chemical freeway. There may not be the need for hormonal medicines which may complicate the delicate hormonal balance of the body and make them dependent on medication for a long term.

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